BibTeX with source entries
@misc{services-benchmarks-10671800b0c8c76c,
title = {Service business benchmarks: selected modeled scenarios},
author = {{Business Ideas}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {https://business-ideas-demo.pages.dev/benchmarks/services/},
version = {10671800b0c8c76c},
note = {6 selected modeled scenarios; not measured national averages. Version 10671800b0c8c76c; SHA-256 10671800b0c8c76cd45ca448ac54eb9fe63f39e98586c13092ebad40c5fb35b4. Includes source keys, access dates and assumption evidence. No reuse license is granted for third-party source material.}
}
@misc{auto-equipment,
title = {Automotive Repair Shop Equipment},
author = {{BendPak}},
howpublished = {https://www.bendpak.com/repair-shops},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Original equipment supplier describes repair-shop systems and lifts. Used for physical setup and maintenance context, not as a quote for the existing opening allocation.}
}
@misc{auto-report,
title = {State of General Auto Repair Shops in the U.S., 2025},
author = {{PartsTech}},
howpublished = {https://get.partstech.com/repair\_shop\_report\_2025\_oec},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {industry. Shop survey context for car count, labor billing and repair orders. The modeled eight daily orders are a capacity scenario, not a national average.}
}
@misc{bls-animal,
title = {Animal Care and Service Workers: Occupational Outlook Handbook},
author = {{U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics}},
howpublished = {https://www.bls.gov/ooh/personal-care-and-service/animal-care-and-service-workers.htm},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Groomer tasks, training and alternative delivery settings. Broad animal-care pay data does not certify groomer compensation, salon capacity or profit.}
}
@misc{bls-auto,
title = {Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics: Occupational Outlook Handbook},
author = {{U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics}},
howpublished = {https://www.bls.gov/ooh/installation-maintenance-and-repair/automotive-service-technicians-and-mechanics.htm},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Repair duties, technical training and certification context. Skilled payroll and service capacity need a shop-specific roster; billed labor prices and profitability are not occupational wage statistics.}
}
@misc{bls-cleaners,
title = {Janitors and Building Cleaners: Occupational Outlook Handbook},
author = {{U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics}},
howpublished = {https://www.bls.gov/ooh/building-and-grounds-cleaning/janitors-and-building-cleaners.htm},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Labor-market context. Owner pay, hours and staffing in each model remain explicit planning assumptions.}
}
@misc{bls-grounds,
title = {Grounds Maintenance Workers: Occupational Outlook Handbook},
author = {{U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics}},
howpublished = {https://www.bls.gov/ooh/building-and-grounds-cleaning/grounds-maintenance-workers.htm},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Grounds crew duties, trainability, physical work and seasonal employment context. Chemical-application requirements depend on service and jurisdiction; this is not a local route demand or wage quotation.}
}
@misc{car-wash-guide,
title = {Car Wash Investor Guide},
author = {{PELCO Systems}},
howpublished = {https://pelcosystems.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CarWashInvestorGuide2023.pdf},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Equipment supplier's planning reference, published in 2023. Local construction, utility connections and lease quotes are still required.}
}
@misc{cleaning-bls-2025,
title = {Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2025},
author = {{U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics}},
howpublished = {https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ocwage\_05152026.pdf},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Table 1 reports maids/housekeeping cleaners at \$17.83 hourly mean and \$17.07 median nationally. These cross-industry wages are context, not this crew's local wage offer or customer billing rate; employer benefits are excluded.}
}
@misc{cleaning-census-2022,
title = {2022 NAICS 561720: Janitorial Services},
author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
howpublished = {https://www.census.gov/naics/?details=561720\&input=561720\&year=2022},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Classifies outsourced residential and maid cleaning in 561720. It does not describe this company's addressable market, prices or headcount.}
}
@misc{cleaning-dol-breaks,
title = {FLSA Hours Worked Advisor: Rest and Meal Periods},
author = {{U.S. Department of Labor}},
howpublished = {https://webapps.dol.gov/elaws/whd/flsa/hoursworked/screenEr4.asp},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Short rest periods count as paid time; uninterrupted bona fide meal periods have different treatment. State rules can add obligations. Does not establish this company's break schedule.}
}
@misc{cleaning-dol-travel,
title = {FLSA Hours Worked Advisor: Travel Between Job Sites},
author = {{U.S. Department of Labor}},
howpublished = {https://webapps.dol.gov/elaws/whd/flsa/hoursworked/screenER67.asp},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Job-related duties and travel between job sites during the workday count as hours worked. Supports including route travel in paid hours, not a particular travel allowance.}
}
@misc{cleaning-enterprise-vehicles,
title = {Used cargo vans},
author = {{Enterprise Car Sales}},
howpublished = {https://www.enterprisecarsales.com/content/carsales-web/us/en\_us/search/buy-a-car/cargo-vans.html},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Supports the existence of a retail used cargo-van procurement channel. Inventory and displayed pricing depend on location and render state. No numeric vehicle price is treated as a verified quote; two-vehicle purchase, fees and repair allowances are modeled.}
}
@misc{cleaning-insureon-house,
title = {House cleaning business insurance costs},
author = {{Insureon}},
howpublished = {https://www.insureon.com/cleaning-business-insurance/house-cleaners/cost},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Broker's house-cleaner page reports policy medians from its own applicant/customer population, with premiums affected by scope, payroll, vehicles and location. It is not a quote for two vehicles and five working roles; model insurance allowances require underwriting.}
}
@misc{cleaning-irs-classification,
title = {Independent contractor or employee?},
author = {{Internal Revenue Service}},
howpublished = {https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/independent-contractor-self-employed-or-employee},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Federal employment-tax classification considers the actual relationship, including control and independence. Supports treating classification as a factual review, not merely selecting a payment form. State and other federal tests require their own review.}
}
@misc{cleaning-irs-hiring,
title = {Hiring employees},
author = {{Internal Revenue Service}},
howpublished = {https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/hiring-employees},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Outlines employment authorization verification and payroll records including I-9, W-4 and W-2. It does not certify a worker classification, local hiring procedure or payroll-provider setup.}
}
@misc{cleaning-irs-payroll-2026,
title = {Publication 15 (2026), Employer's Tax Guide},
author = {{Internal Revenue Service}},
howpublished = {https://www.irs.gov/publications/p15},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Employer Social Security is 6.2\% up to the 2026 wage base; Medicare is 1.45\%. Tips and unemployment taxes need separate treatment. The model's additional unemployment and workers' compensation allowances are not IRS rates.}
}
@misc{cleaning-molly-faq,
title = {House cleaning service FAQs},
author = {{Molly Maid}},
howpublished = {https://www.mollymaid.com/faqs/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Documents recurring and occasional booking formats and a no-contract approach. Supports repeat-service context and switching exposure; does not establish this startup's retention, demand history or local competition density.}
}
@misc{cleaning-molly-pricing,
title = {Residential cleaning pricing},
author = {{Molly Maid}},
howpublished = {https://www.mollymaid.com/pricing/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. An original service provider explains customized estimates and scope-dependent pricing. It does not publish a national price average or validate the model's blended invoice.}
}
@misc{cleaning-osha-chemicals,
title = {Protecting Workers Who Use Cleaning Chemicals},
author = {{Occupational Safety and Health Administration and NIOSH}},
howpublished = {https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA3512.pdf},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Supports chemical selection, hazard communication, worker training, labels, safety data sheets and avoiding incompatible mixtures. It supplies no injury probability, wage or startup-cost estimate.}
}
@misc{cleaning-sanitaire-equipment,
title = {Commercial upright vacuum cleaners},
author = {{Sanitaire Commercial}},
howpublished = {https://www.sanitairecommercial.com/collections/upright-vacuums},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Observed SC5500B price is \$463.99 before any applicable delivery/tax. Supports availability and price scale for one commercial vacuum only. Three rounded vacuum allowances plus other tools make up the modeled equipment budget.}
}
@misc{cleaning-sba-launch,
title = {Launch your business},
author = {{U.S. Small Business Administration}},
howpublished = {https://www.sba.gov/counseling/launch-your-business/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Identifies registration, tax IDs, licenses, insurance and local zoning checks, including home-based businesses. Does not establish local permit fees or a universal residential-cleaning exemption.}
}
@misc{cleaning-sba-planning,
title = {Plan your business},
author = {{U.S. Small Business Administration}},
howpublished = {https://www.sba.gov/counseling/plan-your-business/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Supports distinguishing startup commitments and recurring expenses and researching a market before committing funds. The selected reserve, recruiting, storage, marketing, cash timing and other budget allowances are author assumptions.}
}
@misc{cleaning-stripe-pricing,
title = {Payments and invoicing pricing},
author = {{Stripe}},
howpublished = {https://stripe.com/pricing},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. US domestic online card pricing is 2.9\% plus \$0.30 per successful charge, with Invoicing Starter at 0.4\% per paid invoice. The model's 4\% processing allowance also allows for processing tips and possible sales tax; it is not a Stripe quoted blended rate.}
}
@misc{cleaning-tidy-prices,
title = {House cleaning pricing},
author = {{The Tidy Homes}},
howpublished = {https://thetidyhomes.com/pricing/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Hancock, Michigan provider lists one-time work at \$60 for one cleaner-hour or \$100 for a two-cleaner elapsed hour, with recurring visits priced separately. Demonstrates unit/scope differences and competitive alternatives; does not validate the model's prices or sales.}
}
@misc{cleaning-virabusters-prices,
title = {Pittsburgh house cleaning prices},
author = {{ViraBusters}},
howpublished = {https://virabusters.com/pittsburgh-house-cleaning-prices},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Published rates are \$55 weekly, \$57 biweekly, \$60 monthly and \$75 or more for one-time work per cleaner labor hour, plus applicable tax. Scope and duration affect the final charge. This is one Pittsburgh provider's offer, not a national average or a quote for the modeled route.}
}
@misc{cleaning-zep-supplies,
title = {Concentrated Neutral pH Floor Cleaner, ZUNEUT128},
author = {{Zep Inc.}},
howpublished = {https://zep.com/products/concentrated-neutral-ph-floor-cleaner-zuneut128},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Manufacturer offers concentrated floor cleaner in case variants. The displayed amount and selected case can vary, so no unit price or dilution rate is used as a model input. Provides product/safety-label context only; the per-job supply basket remains an assumption.}
}
@misc{grooming-equipment,
title = {Professional Grooming Equipment and Consumables},
author = {{Groomer's Choice}},
howpublished = {https://national.groomerschoice.com/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Equipment scope for a salon; obtain current tub, table, dryer and installation quotations before funding.}
}
@misc{landscaping-guide,
title = {How to Start a Lawn Care Business},
author = {{Jobber}},
howpublished = {https://www.getjobber.com/academy/lawn-care/how-to-start-lawn-care-business/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Equipment and launch guidance; buying a truck or trailer can add \$30,000 or more. This model adds a staffed operating reserve.}
}
@misc{laundry-guide,
title = {Learn what it takes to open a coin laundry},
author = {{Speed Queen Commercial / Alliance Laundry Systems}},
howpublished = {https://speedqueencommercial.com/en-us/news/learn-what-it-takes-to-open-a-coin-laundry/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Original manufacturer describes equipment, layout, local permit and utility-connection planning plus recurring utilities and insurance. It does not quote this model's opening costs or profits.}
}
@misc{sba-startup,
title = {Estimate startup costs and operating cash},
author = {{U.S. Small Business Administration}},
howpublished = {https://www.sba.gov/blog/2017/2017-01/how-estimate-starting-costs/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Framework for startup spending and operating reserves. It does not verify the individual budgets or forecasts on this site.}
}
@misc{scoring-energy-commercial-washers,
title = {Commercial Clothes Washers},
author = {{ENERGY STAR / U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}},
howpublished = {https://www.energystar.gov/products/commercial\_clothes\_washers},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Describes commercial laundry equipment, route/distributor responsibilities and on-site multifamily laundry alternatives. No advertised efficiency percentage is applied to this laundromat's machine mix or utility bill.}
}
@misc{scoring-epa-vehicle-washes,
title = {WaterSense at Work Section 5.4: Vehicle Washes},
author = {{U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}},
howpublished = {https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-11/ws-commercial-bmp-watersenseatwork\_section5.4\_vehiclewashes.pdf},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Distinguishes self-service, in-bay and conveyor washing and explains water-system operation and maintenance. Supports plant and utility constraints; no water volume, tariff or reclaim saving is adopted into the model.}
}
@misc{scoring-ftc-auto,
title = {Auto Repair Basics},
author = {{Federal Trade Commission}},
howpublished = {https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0211-auto-repair-basics},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Original consumer guidance identifies repair-shop comparison, estimates, technician experience and manufacturer maintenance schedules. Supports recurring repair need and ordinary service differentiation; no local demand count is established.}
}
@misc{scoring-ica-operations-2026,
title = {The Winning Car Wash Playbook},
author = {{International Carwash Association}},
howpublished = {https://www.carwash.org/car-wash-magazine-complimentary-content/the-winning-car-wash-playbook},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {industry. Original industry reporting illustrates equipment faults, maintenance routines, competitive alternatives and weather exposure. Its named hybrid self-service/in-bay operator is context, not a representative sample or this four-bay forecast.}
}
@misc{scoring-laundry-location,
title = {Finding a Location for a Laundromat},
author = {{Speed Queen Commercial / Alliance Laundry Systems}},
howpublished = {https://speedqueencommercial.com/en-us/news/laundromats/finding-a-location-for-a-laundromat/},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Manufacturer describes recurring laundry need and the relevance of convenience, renters and access to household machines. Use as a catchment-selection mechanism, not proof of an underserved neighborhood.}
}
@misc{scoring-maryland-lawn-calendar,
title = {Lawn Maintenance Calendar},
author = {{University of Maryland Extension}},
howpublished = {https://www.extension.umd.edu/resource/lawn-maintenance-calendar},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {primary. Original state-extension guidance shows that lawn tasks vary with grass type, season and dormancy. Supports the need for a local annual service calendar; Maryland frequencies are not used as nationwide demand assumptions.}
}
@misc{scoring-petsmart-faq,
title = {Dog Grooming FAQ},
author = {{PetSmart}},
howpublished = {https://services.petsmart.com/content/grooming-faq},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Provider booking and service guidance supports individualized pricing, repeat coat-care occasions and at-home substitution. Its service advice is not a universal medical schedule or an independent salon price.}
}
@misc{scoring-petsmart-process,
title = {Our Pet Grooming Process and FAQs},
author = {{PetSmart}},
howpublished = {https://services.petsmart.com/content/grooming-process},
urldate = {2026-09-05},
note = {vendor. Original provider explains that appointment duration and stages vary with size, coat and service. Drop-off-to-pickup time includes waiting; it is not continuous groomer labor time or a salon capacity benchmark.}
}